Stockholm: Since 1901, Nobel Prize has been given to men, women and organizations for work that have caused great progress to mankind, in line with the wishes of the inventor of Alfred Nobel.
Here are five things to know about their gifts and creators.
On April 12, 1888, Alfred Nobel Ludvig’s brother died in Cannes, France.
But Le Figaro’s newspaper mixed brothers and announced Alfred’s death on the front page under the title that was rather inflammatory: “A man who could barely be called a generous humanity died yesterday in Cannes.
He is Nobel, the inventor of dynamite.” Lots of credit a little as an inspiration for the creation of Nobel Prize, pointing into words in his will that the prize must be given to those who “have provided the greatest benefits for mankind”.
“But we can only imagine” because the incident was not mentioned in the correspondence, his biography Ingrid Carlberg told AFP.
As for the visitors who came to offer their condolences at the Paris Inventor’s mansion, they were surprised to be welcomed by Alfred who was very alive, as reported by Le Figaro the following day.
In the will of Nobel, the prize is to go to those who have served humanity “during the previous year”.
However, from the beginning of the award in 1901 onwards, this rarely imperative.
Often need time for the true impact of known discoveries, and the number of recipients who deserve accumulated.
As a result, works that are decades are often appreciated.
John Goodenough, for example, in 2019 became the oldest who won Nobel, at the age of 97 of 2017 at 17.
Since 1974, the Nobel Foundation Law stipulates that the award may not be given annoyed.
But someone can be awarded honor if he dies between the time of the announcement in October and a formal gift ceremony in December.
Before changes, only two people won Nobel.
One of them was Dag Hammarskjold, Swedish UN Secretary General who died in a plane crash in 1961 but was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in the same year.
And in 1931, the Nobel Prize in the literature was awarded awarded annually to Sweden, Erik Axel Karlfeldt.
In 2011, the Medical Prize Committee chose Ralph Steinman from Canada, did not realize that he had died only three days before the announcement.
The foundation decided to give him a gift.
From Adolf Hitler to Michael Jackson through Stalin or Mussolini, the Nobel Peace Prize has seen its share of impossible candidates, taken soft or eyebrow in the existence of 120 years.
Hitler was nominated for a peace prize by MP Sweden in January 1939, on the threshold of the most bloody conflict in history.
The proposal, which was intended as a sarcasm and was aimed at discrediting Neville Chamberlain UK nominations after the Munich Agreement, but was withdrawn.
Serbian President Slobodan Milosevic, then tried to genocide, also nominated, like Jules Rimet, “Father” World Cup soccer.
While their representation among the winners continued to increase in the past few decades compared to the early years, women still contributed about six percent of winners.
Since 2001, 28 women have been awarded all joint prizes, almost three times than in the previous two decades.
In 2009, five women received a Nobel prize, including the first winner of the woman in the field of economy, American Elinor Ostrom – noted records.
“Nobel will be disturbed by this statistic,” said Ingrid Carlberg.
“He is a feminist before his time, who defends a female career and admires women’s intellectuals.” The economy has had the highest winner of women at 2.3 percent, lower than a combined science gift that has seen 3.7 percent of women.
While a little more evenly distributed, the literature is mostly a male affair with 13.7 women among the winners, with a slightly better peace award at 15.9 percent.
However, the first person to win the Nobel prize twice was Marie Curie, in 1903 in physics and in 1911 in chemistry.