Washington: Scientists have developed Covid-19 vaccine candidates based on proteins that mimic the form of viruses to trigger strong antibody responses in animals.
In research published in the Journal of the ACS Central Science, the researchers immunized mice with nanoparticles that mimic SARS-COV-2, viruses that caused Covid-19, by displaying several copies of antigen receptor binding domains (RBD).
Most protein-based vaccines train the immune system to recognize RBD, some of the SARS-COV-2 surge proteins, which are used by viruses to enter and infect human cells.
Protein surge binds to ACE-2 receptors on the surface of the host cell, which acts as a gateway for the entry of the virus.
However, not all vaccines raise antibody and t-cell responses, both of which are considered important for more durable immunity.
Researchers from Chicago University, USA have previously developed a vaccine shipping tool called polymersom, self-assembly, ball nanoparticles that can summarize antigens and adjuilds, and then release them in immune cells.
Adjuvents is a helper molecule that increases the immune response.
Polymersom triggers strong T cell immunity, the researchers said.
The team wondered if they were then able to increase antibody responses by engineering nanoparticles to viruses imitating by displaying many RBD copies on their surface.
The researchers made polymersom similar to SARS-COV-2 and decorate them with many RBDs.
After characterizing nano particles in the lab, they injected them to mice, along with separate polymersom containing adjuvants, in two doses that were three weeks.
In comparison, they migrated other mouse groups with polymersom which summarized RBD, along with nanoparticles containing adjuvants.
Although both groups of mice produce high levels of special RBD antibodies, only the polymersom decorated with the surface produced by the antibodies that prevent SARS-COV-2 infection in cells.
Both RBD decorated with surfaces and dienaculation triggered strong cell response, the researchers said.
Although the new vaccine still needs to be tested for salvation and efficacy in humans, it can have advantages over the MRNA vaccine with respect to broad distribution in limited resource areas, they said.
It was because the polymersom were decorated with a stable and active surface for at least six months with cooling, the researchers said.
Instead, the mRNA vaccine requires storage of subzero temperature, he added.
PTI Sar Sar.